By Emmy Benton, News Editor
Editor’s Note: This story and a podcast were produced in collaboration with North Carolina Health News for its Climate Change Workshop that occurred in February 2022. High school students from coastal NC were given the opportunity to learn about writing stories and photography while researching the effects climate change has on our coast. It was sponsored by the North Carolina Sea Grant and was organized by Working Narratives/Coastal Youth Media.
Could you ever imagine your house falling into the ocean? It’s an increasingly common occurrence on the Outer Banks that leaves many to wonder: What can be done to prevent this unfortunate sight?
The beach is disappearing at alarmingly fast rates, in part because of sea level rise.
The 2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that in the next 30 years, the sea level is expected to rise 10 to 14 inches on the East Coast. This prediction is the same amount of sea level rise that was measured over the last 100 years.
Sea level rise coupled with beach erosion can have significant consequences on coastal communities.
“In that area of the seashore (Rodanthe), we’ve measured erosion rates up to four meters per year,” said David Hallac, the Superintendent of the National Parks of Eastern North Carolina. “And of course, there’s more than three feet in a meter, so you’re talking about 10 to 12, 13 feet of the beach, disappearing every single year.”
And Hallac says that the shore shows no sign of the rates subsiding any time soon.
Climate change has been discussed for decades, but is just recently coming to the forefront of today’s top concerns, especially here on the Outer Banks.
Hallac believes that beach erosion, sea level rise and flooding are all major concerns that need to be addressed and planned for. A gauge to measure sea level rise at the Oregon Inlet Coast Guard Station shows that over the last 30 years, the sea level has risen 5.3 millimeters per year. This means that over a 100-year time frame, the sea could rise about 1.75 feet. This amount of sea level rise, along with beach erosion happening, is a worry for many, but especially for Hallac.
“When you combine things like a really high rate of erosion with another foot, approximately, of sea level rise, and then you think about this third factor, which is the frequency and intensity of storms, there is definitely a reason for concern,” Hallac said.
Hallac feels that taking steps to prepare and lessen the effects of climate change will be in our communities’ best interest.
“The concern is not so much that the change is going to happen, we just have to accept that. It’s that we are maybe not in high enough gear when it comes to reacting and planning for these changes,” Hallac said. “We really need to make advances in our planning to adapt coastal communities to this new normal that is going to continue to change.”
According to Climate Central, as of right now, a 100-year flood for the Outer Banks will be nine times more likely to occur by 2050 due to sea level rise. Hallac sees this increase right now.
“The information that we’ve seen suggests that, in fact, the frequency of high tide flooding events has increased in eastern North Carolina,” Hallac said.
These major flooding events contribute to the downfall of houses close to the shore that are on the frontlines of these coastal incidents.
Hallac says that he is aware of two houses that have collapsed on the Outer Banks since the time he began his role as superintendent in 2015. They have just started to track these rare but increasing incidents, and may not know about a house collapse unless the boards and other remnants appear on Cape Hatteras National Seashore.
“I think the reason why this last home collapse became so well known is that we learned about this house collapsing at seven in the morning, and by nine o’clock later that morning, we had already observed debris from the home seven miles away,” Hallac said.
This debris, laden with nails and other sharp objects, pose a risk to humans walking on the sand or swimming in the water. But it’s not just humans who are impacted – wildlife also feel the effects of houses crumbling from the wrath of climate change. Debris may injure them or alter their nesting habits.
Along with beach erosion and sea level rise, climate change has also brought an increasing number of storms with even greater intensity than in years past. These storms bring more rain, flooding, and erosion that are harmful to the coast.
“With higher sea levels, with stronger hurricanes, potentially that can definitely be very detrimental to coastal communities,” said Mike Lee, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Newport/Morehead City. “On top of that, warmer oceans, as well as warmer temperatures across the air, not only do hurricanes potentially become stronger, but they also can also hold a lot more tropical moisture.”
When the air becomes warmer and holds more moisture, that can mean greater flooding concerns. Along with this also comes the threat of storm surge.
“The way that storm surge works is that the stronger the hurricane is, the higher the sea itself will actually swell up,” Lee said.
Storm surge can cause flooding and erosion, and even further damage the houses closest to the shore already being battered by the elements.
To address the effects of climate change on our coastal community, Hallac, along with others employed at the National Parks of Eastern North Carolina, will work to introduce new ways of managing the parks to make them more resilient and less likely to be affected by climate change.
“One of the things that we can do is we can make smarter decisions when we make investments in the future, in terms of where we develop, how we develop, and how we redevelop, to do all of that in a more sustainable manner,” Hallac said.
Junior Emmy Benton can be reached at 23bentonem58@daretolearn.org.
